Thomas clark palmer



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 T. 0. PALMER. MEANS FOR LOCKING NUTS 0NBOLTS.

- Patented-M231. 7, l893. Fig.1. I

/N V'ENTOI? Tn: uonms PEYERS w. mom-um). WASHINGTON, u Q

(Nd'MoaeL 2 Sheets-Shet 2;

r T. c. PALMER.

MEANS FOR LOOKING NUTS 0N BOLTS.

- Patented Mar. '7, 1893.

A 77'OHNE s Tn: norm-s PETERS 0o mcwuwa. wnsnmmu, u u

Nrr TATES PATENT FFICE.

MEANS FOR LOOKING NUTS ON BOLTS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 492,829, dated March'7, 1893.

Application filed January 7,1892. Serial No. 417,306. (No model.)Patented in Victoria October 24. 1890, No. 8,200; in New South WalesOctober 27,1890, No. 2,570, and in New Zealand November 7, 1890, No.4,689-

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, THOMAS CLARK PALMER, clerk, asubjectof the Queen ofGreat Britain, residing at Croxton House, 27 Mackenzie Street,Melbourne, in the British Colony of Victoria, have invented ImprovedMeans for Locking Nuts on Bolts, (for which I have obtained patents inthe following British 0010- nies: Victoria, dated October 24, 1890, No.8,200; New South Wales, dated October 27, 1890, No. 2,570, and NewZealand, dated November 7, 1890, No. 4,689,) of which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to those classes of nuts which are provided withmeans whereby they may be locked or held upon their bolts so that theycannot shake loose or come off accidentally.

Its object is to provide a simple and inexpensive lock nut which can beeasily rotated in one direction'but is effectually prevented fromaccidental rotation in the opposite direction although means areprovided to enable it to be screwed off the bolt when required.

It consists in certain improved means for locking nuts on bolts. Thesemeans are, first, a nut lock, and second, anut having a certainprovision in it for the purpose of enabling said nut lock to engage withit. This said nut lock consists of a tapped ring of metal adapted toscrew on a bolt and having a projection at one part of either its inneror its outer perlpheries terminating in a shoulder.

This nut lock does not necessarily consist of a complete ring of metalinasmuch as the ring may be split or a small piece may be cut out of itso as to make it animperfect ring. And further the projection instead ofbeing on its periphery may if preferred be on its face and finally it issusceptible of several other modifications which are hereinafterdescribed and claimed. The not which forms the second part of myinvention is made either with a recess in or a projection on its facecorresponding to the shape of the nut lock for the purpose of enablingthis latter to engage with it.

Referring to the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a side elevation ofa right hand screw threaded bolt provided with a lock nut embodying myinvention. Fig. 2 is aplan of said lock nut. Fig. 3 is a verticalcentral section on line 3, 3 Fig. 2 showing said lock nut applied to theend of a right hand screwthreaded bolt. Fig. 4 is a plan, and, Fig. 5aside elevation of the tapped ring of metal or nut lock which as abovestated constitutes one of theessentialfeaturesof myinvention. Figs. 6and 7 are respectivelyaplan and a side elevation of one of the dividedor split tapped metal rings or nut locks above referred to. Fig. 8 isaplan on a larger scale of that form of my invention which isillustrated in Figs. 1 to 3 and showing the nut lock in its unlockedposition. Fig. 9 is a similar View to Fig. 8 but showing the nut lock inits locked position. Fig. 10 is a plan of a modification of my inventionin which the nut lock fits outside a projection on the nut instead ofinside a recessin the nut and is shown in its locked position, and, Fig.11 is a similar view to Fig. 10 but showing said nut invits unlockedposition. Fig. 12 is a vertical central section on line, 12, 12 Fig. 10showing said modification of my invention applied to the upper end of aright hand screw threaded bolt. Fig. 13 is a vertical central section ofthe tapped ring or nut lock shown in Figs. 10. l1 and 12. Figs. 14 and15 are side elevations, and Fig. 16 is a plan of anothermodification ofmy invention in which the nut lock is made with an inclined projectionon its faceinstead of on its periphery and in which the nut is made tocorrespond therewith. Fig. 14 shows same in its unlocked, and Figs. 15and 16 in its locked position. Fig. 17 is a similar view to Fig. 2 butshowing a modification wherein an eccentricprojection is provided 011the nut and a corresponding recess is formed in the tapped ring or nutlock instead of as in said Fig. 2 the eccentric recess being in the nutand the projection on the not lock. Fig. 18 is a corresponding view toFig. 15 but showing the nut lock arranged inside a recess in the upperor outer face of the nut instead of alongside the lower or inner facethereof. Fig. 19 is a plan of the arrangement shown in Fig. 18, and,Fig. 20 is a horizontal section on line 20, 20, Fig. 19. Fig. 21 is aplan view of a'form of lock in which the ring 0 has its endsoverlapping. Fig. 22 is a plan view showing the cam surface 0 in theform of a projection.

illustrated in Figs. 2, 4, 8 and 9.

a asaeee Figs. 23 and 24 show plan and side views of the nut havinginstead of the circular recess, a recess with one half of the walls cutaway. Fig. shows the form of a ring adapted to this form of nut.

Similar letters of reference indicate the same or corresponding parts inall the figures.

Referring first to Figs. 1 to 5. A represents a right hand screwthreaded bolt and Ba nut thereon, while 0 represents my tapped ring ornut look. In the arrangement shown in these figures the nut B isprovided with a recess b in its outer face into which the tapped ring ornut lock 0 is fitted. This recess is provided with an eccentric orcam-shaped side or part b while the tapped ring or nut lock 0 is formedwith a correspondingly shaped projection c on its outer periphery asclearly In practice the nut lock 0 is fitted inside the recess 1) in thenut B and is screwed onto the bolt A therewith, it being obvious thatthis can easily be accomplished by reason of the shoulder Z2 at the rearend of the cam or eccentric shaped part b of the nut B coming intocontact with a corresponding shoulder c on the rear end of the camshaped or eccentric projection c on the tapped metal ring or nut lock 0and so carrying the latter round with it.

When my improved lock nut has been screwed sufficiently far along thebolt A a slight backward turn is given to it in order to lock it uponthe bolt by causing the inclined or cam shaped or eccentric surface 0 ofthe tapped ring or nut lock C to wedge loctween the bolt A and theinclined or cam shaped or eccentric surface Z) of the nut B thuseffectually preventing any further backward rotation as will be wellunderstood on reference to Fig.9. In order that this not may beunscrewed from the bolt when required I form two recesses D D one in theside of the metal ring or nut lock 0 and the other in the side of therecess 1) in the nut B and I arrange said recesses in such a manner asthat when said nut lock'G and nut B are in their unlocked positions saidrecesses will agree with or be in opposition to each other asillustrated in Fig. 8 thus allowing a small pin or other projection tobe inserted in the hole formed by said recesses so to connect said nutlock and nut and so enable them to be screwed off together.

If preferred instead of the tapped metal ring or nut lock 0 beingconstructed in the form of a continuous ring as shown in Fig. 4

i it may be split or divided as illustrated in Fig.

6. Or instead of being fitted inside a recess such as b Figs. 1. 2. 3.8. and 9 the tapped metal ring or nut lock 0 may be fitted outside aprojection Z) on said nut as illustrated in Figs. 10. 11 and 12 camshaped inclined or eccentric surfaces 0' b being provided on said ringor nut lock and nut as before so that in the event of the latter tendingto unscrew it would become jammed between the eccentric surface of saidnut lock Oand the boltA and would thereby be prevented from further backward rotation. At the same time it can easily be unscrewed if requiredby keeping the shoulders at the rear ends of the eccentric surfaces 0'.b in engagement with each other which can be accomplished by holding theflats on the sides of the nut B and tapped ring or nut lock 0 in linewith each other by the aid of the spanner employed for unscrewing them.

Another modification of my invention is illustrated in Figs. 141. 15wherein the eccentric shaped projection on the periphery of the nut lockas shown in Figs. 1. 2. 8 and 9 is sub stituted by a wedge shaped orinclined surface c on the face of the tapped metal ring or nut lock 0and wherein the eccentric recess in the nut B as shown in said figuresis substituted by a correspondingly shaped recess in the face of the nutB so that in the event of the latter tending to unscrew it will ride upthe inclined surface 0' on said nut lock 0 and will thereby becomejammed and so be prevented from any further movement as will be wellunderstood. At the same time by moving the shoulder 13 at the rear endof the inclined surface b until it engages with the shoulder c at therear end of the inclined surface c the nut andnut lock can be unscrewedeasily with the aid of a spanner.

It willbe obvious that if preferred the arrangements illustrated inFigs. 1 to 12 may be reversed, that is the eccentric projection may beformed on the nut in Figs. 1 to S and the corresponding eccentric recessin the tapped ring or nut lock as is clearly illustrated in Fig. 17wherein 1) represents said eccentric projection on said nut and 0represents the correspouding recess in the nut lock in which saidprojection fits as shown. From this illustration the correspondingalteration of the arrangements shown in Figs. 10 to 13 and 14 to 16 willbe easily understood it being borne in mind that the eccentric orinclined projections c and the correspondingly shaped recesses b may besubstituted for each other, that is the projections may be on the nutsand the recesses in the nut locks.

Another modification of the arrangement shown in Figs. 1-L to 16 isshown in Figs. 18 to 20 wherein the nut lock 0 is fitted inside a recessformed in the upper or outer face of the nut B instead of being arrangedalong side the lower or inner face thereof as in the former case. Anadditional feature of this modification consists in undercutting thatpart of the recess 1) of the nut which is adjacent to the inclinedrecess 1) as shown at 19 that is said part b overhangs the nut lockslightly so that as the side of said nut lock is raised by the inclinesb, c it will be forced in toward the bolt by said undercut part and willthereby be more securely jammed between the nut B and bolt A as will beWell understood by all persons skilled in the art to which my inventionrelates.

Another modification having the same ob ject as the one just describedis illustrated in Fig. 21, wherein a split or divided tapped ring or nutlock 0 encircles the bolt and is provided with overlapping ends asshown. One of these said ends is formed with an eccentric projection cwhich fits inside a corresponding recess b in the nut B and one of saidends is formed with a projection 19 having one side inclined, as shown,while the other overlapping end of said nut lock is formed with a recess19 preferably corresponding in shape. to the projection b'. This recess12 is also formed with one side inclined to correspond with the inclinedside of the projection b and the whole is so arranged as that when thenut B is turned backward to lock it upon the bolt the eccentric surfaces5' 0 will force the overlapping ends of the nut lock 0 in toward thebolt as in the arrangements illustrated in Figs. 1 to 13 and willthereby draw the nut lock 0 tightly around the bolt by reason of theinclined surfaces of the projections b and the recess 19 in its endssliding along each other.

In the modification shown in Figs. 23, 24 and 25 the nut B is not formedwith a circular recess to recieve the nut lock (J as in most of theprevious arrangements, but one half of what would be the sides of saidrecess are cut away, the cam shaped surface I) being formed on theremaining half. The nut lock 0 is made with eccentric projections c andto approximately correspond With the half cut away, that is, so that itssides correspond with three of the flats of the nut when said nut lockis in its unlocked or released position thereby enabling the nut and nutlock to be readily unscrewed from off the bolt by the aid of a spanner.Its operation is substantially the same as the previously describedarrangements.

In nearly all the cases above described it will be obvious that theeccentric or inclined projection c may be dispensed with, acomparatively small projection c on the nut or nut look as the case maybe, being arranged to ride up the eccentric or inclined surfaces 19' asillustrated in Fig. 22.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my saidinvention,and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare thatwhat I claim is- 1. A nut lock consisting of a threaded nut B andadivided ring 0, a shouldered connection between the nut and ring, andan eccentric bearing between opposing faces of the parts to causelocking action on reverse movement, said shoulder being at the end ofthe eccentric portion, substantially as described.

2. A nut lock consisting of aring 0 formed with a projection c and ashoulder 0 in combination with a screw. threaded nut having a recess 17to which the ring is fitted, said recess being cam shaped andterminating in a shoulder 12*, substantially as described.

3. A nut lock consisting of a ring 0 formed with a cam shaped projectionon its outer edge, a nut bearing a cam shaped recess to receive theouter edge of the ring, recesses D in the ring and the wall of therecess in the nut adapted to align with each other to form a pocket forthe insertion of a pin, to allow the unscrewing of both ring and nut,and the pin, substantially as described.

4. A nut lock consisting of a nut having a cam shaped recess and a splitring having overlapping ends, one of the ends having a cam shapedportion 0' adapted to fit inside of the recess in the nut, substantiallyas described.

THOMAS CLARK PALMER. Witnesses:

WALTER SMYTHE BAYsToN, WALKER CHARLES HART.

